The pustules that are swollen and formed on the surface of the skin leads to the infection on the skin called as Acne. The most dangerous and harsh form of acne is known as cystic acne. The hard and painful type of acne is known as cystic acne. This infection type is very painful and it cannot be treated in just overnight. The cysts are formed and the swollen red pustules that are filled with pus appear on the skin surface.

The major reason for the development of the infection is not defined specially and it varies from one individual to another. The changes in the hormones and the imbalances and the dirt accumulation on the skin are the few reasons for the hormonal imbalances. Cystic acne according to the skin care experts is mostly observed as hereditary. Acne can breakout at any age while teenagers get affected by acne more than the adults. The women after their pregnancy also might get acne as the hormonal changes takes place extensively after pregnancy.

Cystic acne also called as Nodulocystic acne is considered as the serious form of “Acne vulgaris”. The breaking out of acne that is deep and swollen on the face as well as on the different areas of the human body constitutes the cystic acne. The blemish will become large and they might be estimated as few centimeters across. The word “cystic” is used for explaining severe acne that is swollen. The people who have cysts on the face are called as cystic acne.  The type of acne that are very serious comes under the cysts category where the acne are felt as soft and lumps that are filled with fluid beneath the surface of the skin. Cysts are mostly painful. The people suffering from nodulocystic acne are found to have nodules developed on the body along with cysts. The painful lumps or nodules are also hard and they appear to lie under the surface of the skin.

Nodules are found to be bigger than papules and they take some more time to get healed. The experts say that the cystic acne is considered as severe swollen nodular bursts. Cystic acne is experienced by mostly teenagers and men who are young. Acne is observed to be hereditary. If the parents have this disease called cystic acne, the children might experience it more severely.

The nodular acne that are swollen and filled with pus might breakout the follicular wall under the skin surface. This activity will secrete the pus that is inside the nodule. The bacteria that exist in the pus will move deeper and multiply allowing the inflammation to appear still bigger. The white blood cells that are lying in the body cells tend to fight against the bacterial infection and kill the bacteria. The infection is continued with inflammation that is prolonged followed by the formation of pus. The formation of cysts is carried out by the immune system, while it is restricting the spread of infection in the skin.

Accompanied by the process of inflammation the cystic acne will distribute into the tissue around leading to the formation of large cysts. The size and depth of acne cysts differ and they might be visible along with other kinds of cysts known as nodules, whiteheads, comedones and blackheads.

Symptoms of cystic acne

• Similar to nodules, cysts start as an intense break in the pore wall.
• A membrane is formed surrounding the infection inside the dermis.
• Some people get this type of severe breakouts compared to others.
• Cysts
• Nodules
• Papules
• Pustules
• White heads
• Blackheads
• Inflammation
• Pigmentation problems
• Pain
• scarring

Causes of cystic acne

The cystic acne is caused by several other factors that are causing the other types of acne. They are

• Overactive oil glands
• The dead skin cells that are excessively formed under the hair follicle
• Many bacteria that are causing acne like Propioni bacteria acne
• The acne blemish will be formed due to the rupture of the follicle wall. The infected substance will move to the dermis
• The blemish is very small and will get healed quickly
• Breaks very deep into the follicle wall will create severe lesions leading to nodules when the infected substance moves onto the adjacent follicles
• Cystic acne is not caused with a particular reason. It is not caused due to the lack of cleaning, or due to eating of sweets or due to drinking of soda.
• Cystic acne is developed when the nodules are left untreated and they further grow and develop.

Home remedies of Cystic acne

The home remedies of cystic acne using natural products can aid in managing the inflammation, stop the bursting of the nodules and give relief to the cysts that are painful. The healthy skin can be figured out again by using certain home remedies that are mentioned below.

• Sea salt and Baking soda: The water can be mixed with baking soda and applied on the cystic acne one or two times per week and not more than that. The baking soda in small quantities can be mixed with small amounts of sea salt and a paste can be prepared from it. This paste has more treatment ability on swollen cystic acne.
• Apple-cider vinegar: This substance acts as a skin toning agent that can stabilize the pH of the skin and helps in avoiding the bursting of the skin.
• Not to squeeze: The acne cysts should not be squeezed as it might result in worsening of infection and the inflammation to become still more painful. The scars that are formed might not be turned back if the cysts are squeezed.
• Aspirin and Honey: The complexion is improved by using the aspirin and honey for the remedy involving combination of honey and aspirin. The paste is prepared by crushing the aspirin in water. It can be applied on face and rinsed later. Aspirin is an efficient exfoliant. The usage of honey provides treatment that is moisturizing and antibacterial.
• Egg white: The egg white can also be applied on the skin for the effective treatment of cystic acne.
• Aloe: The application of juice made from aloe vera on the cysts might aid in the process of healing.
• Mango: The vegetables and yellow orange fruits are found to be having the ability to convert the skin to healthy. The mango paste can be applied to the face to make the skin soft, make the skin to glow and clean the pores that are clogged, which result in making the cystic acne worse.
• Reduce sweating and friction: The extensive sweat and friction leads to the blockage of pores and the skin to be more prone to the formation of cystic acne. The irritation caused by the tight collars, helmets, headbands and backpacks they have to stopped from using for some time so that the chances for the formation of acne can be reduced.
• Lemon juice: The mixture of water and lemon juice can be used for the management of the swelling due to cystic acne.
• Stop using grease and oil: The cosmetic products might be responsible for the formation of cystic acne if they are oily and greasy. The cosmetic products must be non-comedogenic and non-acnegenic to avoid the bursts.
• Cleansing habits: The affected regions have to be cleaned two times in a day. The skin should not be dried and it might cause irritation.
• Clean the make-Up: The entire make-up has to be cleared before going to bed. Otherwise, the pores will be blocked. Cleaning the make-up using a milk based product might help in cleaning the foundation properly.
• Cabbage poultice: The cabbage leaves can be heated and applied on the cystic acne for curing it.
• Warm water: A cloth can be dipped in warm water and kept on the cystic acne for about few minutes. This will help in decreasing the swelling by eliminating the pus from the cysts.
• Potato slices: The potato pieces can be used on the acne to treat the cysts. The potato slices can be placed on the region that is affected for about half an hour and the cysts can be washed off using warm water.
• Tea tree oil: The cystic acne region can be applied with the tea tree oil to bring some relief to that area and treat it.
• The paste that is made from the Margosa leaves and turmeric was found to be beneficial in treating the cystic acne when applied on them. After applying this paste for about 15 to 20 mints on the face, the face has to be washed with cool and clear water. As these two products have antibacterial properties, the acne can be cleared by applying these products.

The diet that should be taken for cystic acne

It is important that the person with cystic acne eats healthy food. The foods that are deep fried and fried have to be ceased from taking. The food rich in fiber content, vegetables and fruits have to be taken. The food also must be rich in vitamin E and A. These vitamins are found to be involved in treating cystic acne. The food rich in sugars have to be avoided and the people have to take lot of water every day.

Ants are social insects that live in colonies of ants that consist of one or few queens and the workers. The queen survives in the nest while the ants called as worker ants are seen outside. They are all females. Based on the kind of species, worker ants are of same size or are available in various size ranges. The different species of ants are earth-tone reds, blacks, basic browns and pale tans.

When ant colonies give rise to the next generation, the males as well as the queens are found to be present in the colonies. The flying ants and the wing pairs are part of these ants. If the males complete the mating and               once they start to fly, the male ants do not live longer. The queens will lose their wings and lose their power of flying. With the absence of wings, the queens can be distinguished from the workers with their large body size, large thorax and large abdomen. The ants that are known as worker ants are females.

Most of the ants eat various insects which they capture, eat the insects that are dead, and eat nectar as well as honey dew. The balance between carbohydrates and proteins are essential for them in the diet. The eggs are laid by the queen by consuming proteins and the proteins are also useful for the ant larvae to develop and grow.  Many ant species survive inside soil while some live in wood by eating it. Some ants live in cavities present in the plants.

Ants are observed as predators on the tiny invertebrates which include insects. They outrank the mammals that graze on the plants by cutting leaves of plants in the American tropics. The seed dispersal is done by ants in most of the ecosystems. The ants consume seeds in the desert regions. The ants are helpful in aerating the soil where they live like earthworms. The fire ants live in the wet grasslands. The carpenter ants that are involved in living in dead wood destroy the wood in the houses especially when the wood is wet. Ants usually search for food in kitchens, pet food areas and pantries. The ants will attack the damp and decayed wood, and later they will reach the wood that is dry and damaged. The ants enter the buildings through cracks present outside doors, windows, or wire holes. The tree parts that are touching the building might transfer the ants that were present crawling on the tree branches.

The colony size of the ants can range from three lakhs to five lakhs in number. The entire colony can get relocated when they are threatened.  They can form nests in the walls, under foundations, lawns and stumps. The lifespan of the ants is around seven years to 15 years. The worker ants have the lifespan of seven years and queen might live for the period of 15 years. The ants will release a chemical called as pheromone which is recognized by the other ants to follow the one in the front leading to the food source.

Household Ants

The ants have extensive varieties of nesting habits and food intake. Ants eat various food items such as meat, starch, sweets and fats. Some ants eat honeydew. To manage or control the ant colonies, it is essential to know about the nesting and food activities of ants. The household ants are especially causing damage. Some of the ants are known as Pharaoh ants, which might infest on food. Carpenter ants will make the wood structure weak. There are no problems with diseases related to ants. The pharaoh ants also can transmit the diseases caused by Staphylococcus.

The carpenter ants will chew wood and make it as dust while forming tunnels and galleries.

Cornfield ants feed on sweets, honey dew as well as on living and dead insects.

Larger yellow ants feed on honey dew and rarely feed on other sweets.

The pharaoh ants feed on tooth paste, dead insects, sweets, soaps and other type of foods. They generally look for water in bathrooms and kitchens.

Thief ants usually form nest in soil and in wood that is rotten. They create nests in places like beneath the counter tops, behind baseboards, in cabinet voids and in wall voids.

The pavement ants feed on different types of foods such as meat, nuts, bread, pet food and insects.

Field ants feed on the household honeydew and sweets while they feed also on dead and live insects.

False honey ants prefer to eat sweets and honeydew.

Odorous house ants feed on again honeydew, sweets, insects and meat.

Acrobat ants eat the sweets, insects and meat.

Signs of Ant infestation that has to be encountered carefully

• Ants will appear as a gathering at the base boards.
• Ants travel long distances to gather their food.
• Sometimes, the worker ants simply get into the house by accident when they are wandering for food.
• If large winged ants are seen coming out from the ceilings, crawl spaces and walls then the people in the house are having problem with those ants.
• The Frass that gets accumulated in the window sills is seen as mixture of wood shavings, other insects, dead ants and soil. This indicates that ants are lying nearby.
• The winged ants that are young get caught in the spider webs when they fly up in the air at the time of spring season. They also lie on the window ledges and are trapped in the light fixtures. If such ants are observed then it is an indication that ants are infested in the nearby area.
• The wood work and the walls will produce a surprising sound when there is an ant infestation present in it. A clicking sound is produced by the carpenter ant when it is shocked. If the wood is tapped with any instrument whether any potential nest is hidden or not can be detected by the stethoscope.
• The wood can be damaged completely by the ants in some cases when they burrow tunnels by connecting the colonies.

Management of ants

The effective method of managing the ants is to find the nest and treat it. To eradicate the ant colony, it is necessary to kill the queens.

If the food is properly stored and the waste is managed properly, it will decrease the food that attracts the worker ants present indoors.

The kitchen surface has to be cleaned every day and the containers have to be rinsed thoroughly prior to storing them.

Remedies for carpenter ants

The water that is stagnant or stored for long time at a place has to be removed as the mosquitoes, ants and pests will be attracted to it very much.

The tree branches and other plants parts have to be kept away from the house as the ants will creep into the house through the branches. The tree branches have to be kept cut.

The cracks and small openings present at the bottom of the house might make the pests and ants to enter into the house. It is always better to close these openings.

If the firewood or any other building material is stored in the nearby place at the house, the pests might occupy the wood and start building nests in it. So, it is better to avoid piling up wood like that.

Home remedies for ants in general

There are many ant traps that can be bought and chemical sprays, which can be purchased and used for controlling ants. But, before doing all that certain home remedies can be tried by using certain ingredients available naturally and try to eradicate the problem with the ants. Some of the methods for managing the ants by the home remedies are

• Plants: To keep ants away from home, few plants like pennyroyal, spearmint and tansy can be placed near by the house so that the ants not liking those will go away.
• Boric acid: The ants can be battled with by preparing a recipe using three cups of water, four teaspoons containing boric acid and one cup of sugar. Another item also can be prepared using one cup of corn syrup and two table spoons containing boric acid.
• Vinegar: The ants can be detracted by using water and vinegar mixture in equal quantities. The counters are washed using this mixture.
• Kerosene: If the dish having the pet food is surrounded by the ants and if you have a doubt that this dish will be affected by the ants, then the floor can be wiped with kerosene. Some people prefer to keep the dish inside another large vessel that consists of water so that the ants cannot reach the inner dish.
• Picnic disaster: The ants that are wandering nearby the picnic table can be avoided from climbing on to the table by keeping the legs of the table in the water.
• Jelly made from Mint Apple: The boric acid powder taken as two table spoons can be mixed with mint apple jelly taken at ten ounces to prepare a remedy that can effectively control the ants.
• Confectioners’ sugar: The confectioner sugar can be added with equal amounts of borax and it can be used for eradicating the ants. This mixture when brought to the nest back will kill the remaining ants of the colony.
• Tea bags: The ants can be controlled by using the mint tea containing tea bags in the active spots. The dried and crashed mint leaves and cloves also can be used for solving the ant problem.
• Soapy water: The ants can be eradicated by spraying the soap water on the ants.
• Peanut butter: The peanut butter taken as six parts is added to one part of brown sugar, which is added to one part containing boric acid and half teaspoon of salt. This mixture is found to be able to control many household ants. But, some ant groups like big headed ants, carpenter ants, field ants and Argentine ants are somewhat resistant to this type of ants.

The house ants that cause odor, pharaoh ants, acrobat ants, pavement ants and little black ants are effectively handled by the peanut butter remedy. The mixture can consist of two table spoons of peanut butter jelly and one table spoon containing boric acid. This has to be kept on a paper and near the regions where the ants are roaming. The pets and children have to be kept away from this.

• Vinegar: The vinegar is sprayed on the doors, windows, and beneath the appliances. This will aid in destroying the ants.
• Cinnamon: By keeping the stick of cinnamon in the ant path that is through the windows and doors. Most of the situations will not cause the ants to cross the sticks.
• Alcohol: The ant species are treated using mixture consisting of 20percent soap, 40percent alcohol and 40percent water. Some insects will be killed when they come in contact with this mixture. The chemical that is released by the ants to make the fellow ants to follow their track will be lost and disturbed by this mixture.
• Diatomaceous Earth: Using the diatomaceous earth either sprinkled or applied as lines in the regions where ants are living can make the ants to go away from that region.
• Lemon juice: The ants can be eradicated by spraying lemon juice mixed in water in the areas where the ants are seen. The house outside regions can also be sprayed with this juice mixture which is found to be very effective in eliminating the ants.
• The grits can aid in removing the ants from the house. The grits can be sprinkled anywhere the ants are seen. After the ants take in this material, it will expand inside the ants and kill them. These grits can be sprinkled near the ant hills.
• Cayenne pepper, peppermint oil, cinnamon and black pepper are used for chasing away the ants. The ants will not have easy time to cross this mixture and enter the house. The pets and toddlers are kept away from this mixture.
• The mixture of boric acid with molasses can act as an effective management against the ants.
• Another remedy for ants constitutes the mixture of one tiny onion, one clove of garlic, one quart of water and one tablespoon of cayenne pepper. This is added with one table spoon of dishwashing soap. This mixture is used for spraying the mixture on the ants for reducing the problem.
• Ant powder: The ants are found to reach the area which is sprayed with the ingredients like tartar cream, powdered chalk, chilli powder, cinnamon and talcum powder. Ants do not enter these regions where the smell of above mixture is felt.

The boil is a kind of skin infection on the complete hair follicle and in the nearby skin tissue. The boil is the localized area infected on the skin. It begins with the skin becoming red and tender. After sometime this region will transform into rigid, tender and hard part. The center part of the boil will become soft and this part will be occupied with the white blood cells that are involved in fighting with the infection. The white blood cells that are accumulated from the blood are involved in eradicating the infection. This white blood cell accumulation to battle against the infection is called as pus. This pus slowly forms a head region which can be removed surgically or drained away by cutting the skin surface. The pus that is enclosed inside the skin is called as abscess. Hence, the skin abscess is another name given for boil. The common locations where the boils can occur are neck, armpits, face, buttocks, shoulders and eyelids. The boil that occurs on the eyelid is called as sty. The other locations where the boils can be found are breasts, feet, legs, knees, anus, rectal area, chest, scalp, back, pubic area, groin area, anorectal area, abdominal area, palms and hands, mouth parts, vagina, labia, penis and scrotum.

There are many types of boils. They are

Furuncle: This is otherwise called as carbuncle and is a skin abscess. This skin abscess is formed by the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. The skin having one or more openings is termed as furuncle and this condition is associated with chills or fever. The boil that typically appears inside the hair follicle is called as furuncle. The word carbuncle is given for the boils that occur due to the involvement of group of hair follicles. The carbuncle is a hard lump that can be seen in the skin. The conditions which are defined by boils that are chronic and occurring repeatedly are called as furunculosis and carbunculosis.

Cystic acne: This type of skin abscess occurs when the oil ducts are blocked and are infected. These types of boils affect the tissue that is very deep in the skin than the skin that is inflamed on the surface. Cystic acne is commonly seen in the face and they occur during the teenage period.

Hidradenitis suppurativa: This condition is characterized by the presence of multiple abscesses that are formed beneath the armpits and at the groin region. This condition might result due to the swelling of the sweat glands in the local area. This condition is very difficult to be managed by the antibiotics and hence, it needs surgery to take away the sweat glands involved in causing inflammation in the skin.

Pilonidal cyst: This is another particular type of abscess, which occurs in the buttocks creases. The basal part of the skin which gives rise to the hair is affected by these cysts at very tiny regions. As time passes by, the direct pressure and the area that is swollen becomes bigger to form a tender nodule. This will not allow the person to sit with comfort and ease. These painful nodules are formed after the person sits for a long duration and travel.

Symptoms of boils

• The hair follicle infected
• Reddish lump on the skin that is painful, it can also be a swelling
• Skin boils
• Swelling of local lymph node
• The boil can have pus head
• The boil is hard, red and half an inch in size. It grows gradually and becomes soft, large and painful
• The boil will have the skin surrounding it to get infected. The skin gets transformed into warm, inflamed and painful.
• Every boil might have several others around it
• Fever
• Swollen lymph nodes

Causes of Boils

The major reason for boils in skin is because of an infection that exists in the hair follicle by Staphylococcus aureus. The infection might occur due to several other reasons. The boils can be caused by many reasons like

• Deficiency of vitamin A and E
• Chafing clothes
• The infected sweat glands become clogged
• Menstrual cycle
• Problems in immunity
• Stress
• Disorders of autoimmune system
• Insulin resistance and diabetes
• Overweight
• Tooth decay
• PCOS
• Hair that is grown in
• The foreign substance that has entered into the skin
• Poor hygiene
• Poor nutrition
• The exposure of skin to harsh chemicals and getting irritated
• The health problems mentioned above that make the people to be prone to infection in the skin

Home remedies of Boils

• Onion and Garlic: The boils can be ripened and the pus can be evacuated by applying the onion and garlic juice on the boils. The boils will break open and send the dirt out of them when the juices of these two vegetables are applied on the boils. These two juices can be used in same quantities.
• Bitter Gourd: The boils that are occupied with blood are effectively treated with bitter gourd. The cup filled with bitter gourd juice is added with one teaspoon consisting of lime juice and taken in empty stomach. If this is taken for few days, the boils can be treated properly.
• Milk Cream: The paste that is prepared using turmeric powder along with a tea spoon of vinegar and milk cream can be applied on the boils. The boils containing blood can be ripened and made to burst with this application. This activity will heal the boils and do not make them septic.
• Betel leaves: The remedy using betel leaves is considered as an excellent home remedy for boils. The betel leaf has to be warmed slowly until it becomes soft. This soft leaf has to be covered with castor oil. This leaf has to be used for covering the area which is swollen. This leaf has to be changed very often in few hours duration. The boil will break and release all the unnecessary dirt present in it.
• Cumin seeds: The boils can be treated by using cumin seeds. These seeds are grinded and a paste is prepared with water. The boils can be treated beneficially by applying this paste on them.
• Margosa leaves: These leaves can be used as paste or decoction or liniment. The decoction can be prepared using 15 grams of leaves of Margosa and 500milliliters of water. The leaves are boiled in water till the volume of water reduces to 1/3^rd.
• Parsley: The parsley is boiled in water until it gets transformed into tender and juicy form. When it is hot, the parsley paste is made and applied on the boil.
• Turmeric: The healing process is enhanced by using turmeric for external application on the boils. The boils can be ripened and made to burst by boiling the turmeric roots in water and the paste applied on the boils.
• Keeping Ice cubes on the boils is known to give healing effect for them that are painful.
• The application of warm oatmeal all through the night is considered as effective remedy for the boils.
• The starch that is cooked mixed with vinegar and flour can be applied on the boil for giving cooling effect on it.
• A clean beer bottle can be kept in hot water and made hot. This bottle opening can be placed on the boil and pressed so that it creates a suction pressure. The removal of the bottle forcefully can make the boil burst and expel the dirty contents and pus.
• Calendula ointment can be applied on the boils to reduce inflammation.
• The boil severity can be reduced by applying the paste consisting of goldenseal root powder and boiling water.
• Mixture consisting of slippery elm taken as 25grams, boiling water and three drops of eucalyptus oil can be applied on the boil and left like that for some time. Then it can be cleaned by taking bath. Again it can be applied until the pus is expelled out.
• The tea tree oil mixed with any other vegetable oil will act as antiseptic against the infection that is present in the boil. This has to be applied externally.
• The healing can be made fast by taking a tea made from two parts of wild indigo, Echinacea, poke root and pasque flower. This tea can be taken three times per day to heal the boils faster. The tea also can be applied on the boils topically.

The diet that is necessary for treating the skin boils

• To treat the boils the body cleansing can be carried out as a basic process. This can be carried out by taking fresh fruits, especially orange juice diluted with water in the ratio of 1:1 can be taken every day. This can be continued for about seven days. This activity will clean the system and allows the person to make the boil disappear gradually.
• The fresh fruit diet has to be followed by eating well-balanced diet. This diet must consist of nutritious content that comprises of green leafy vegetables, fruit proteins, whole grains, minimum fat content and reduced intake of refined form of carbohydrates.
• The intake of coffee, tea, starchy foods, pastries, white sugar, sweets, cakes, chocolates and white bread has to be avoided. It is also very much essential to avoid pickles, condiments and sauces.
• The dietary supplements that are essential for avoiding boils are vitamin A-25,000 IU daily, beta-carotene-25000 IU per day, B-complex vitamin, vitamin C with bioflavonoids-3000mg per day, zinc-50mg per day for two weeks, eight glasses of Astralagus tea taken daily will boost immunity.

Nail fungus is the infection by the fungus in one of the nails of either fingers or toes. The infection by the fungus will begin with white or yellow spots. These spots are found to be present beneath the fingernail tip or toenail tip. If the nail fungus gets distributed deep into the nail, it might cause discoloration of the nail. The nail can be thickened and it might start developing crumbled edges. The problem might be intense pain. The infection with nail fungus might not get treated easily. This might appear again after it disappears.

The fungus lives beneath the nail and it might cause severe problems. If the sufferers from this fungus use nail polish and hide them in the shoes, it might not make them to treat the condition properly. The nail fungus is otherwise called as onychomycosis and Tinea unguium. About 50 percent of abnormalities in nail are caused by nail fungal infections.

Nail fungal infections are commonly seen in men than in women. These infections are mostly prevalent in elderly people than in young. The factors that might enhance the risk of the nail fungal infection to occur are reduced blood circulation, family history of fungal infection, intense perspiration, gradual growth of nails, working environment that is humid and wet, ventilation avoided by wearing shoes and socks, walking without wearing shoes in the wet locations, weak immune system, people with AIDS, diabetes, and circulation problems, foot wear that is tight with toe crowding, injury that might have occurred previously to the nail or skin and the activity that might injure the region called as hyponychium, where the fingertip is attached to the nail.

Symptoms of Nail Fungus

• Changes in the nail
• Brittleness
• Debris trapped beneath the nail
• Alterations in shape of the nail
• The edges of the nail outside crumbled
• Loosening of the nail
• Loss of shining and luster of the nails
• Nail thickening
• Yellow and white streaks on the nail in its side

Causes of Nail Fungus

The body harbors many bacteria and fungi. Some of these organisms are found to be useful for the body. Other organisms might multiply rapidly and form certain infections. The fungi will survive on the dead tissues of the nails, hair, and outside skin layers.

The fungal infections are caused by molds, which leads to Jock itch, Ring worm and Athlete’s foot. The nail infection due to the fungus is mostly observed in adults. The nail fungus generally follows the infection of the feet with the fungus. The toe nails are infected by the fungus than the fingernails.

The people contract with these fungi at the swimming pools, shower rooms, gyms, people having mold like infections and people who sweat a lot. The fungi that cause these infections will survive in wet and warm places.

The risks of fungal infections are

• The manicures and pedicures being performed on the people using instruments that are used for others.
• Injuries in the nail and skin
• The deformity and disease observed in the nail
• The skin is kept moist for a long duration
• The immune system has poor functioning
• Wearing the footwear that is closing the feet completely

This condition is caused by fungi that do not generally survive in the presence of sunlight. It is generally known that dermatophytes are responsible in causing the nail fungal infections. The common fungal species that cause nail fungus are Trichophyton rubrum. Sometimes, yeasts and molds also cause nail fungal infections.

The nail fungal infections are also caused by the other type of fungi known as Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton violaceum, epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton soudanense and Trichophyton tonsurans. The types of molds that can cause nail fungal infections are scopulariopsis, neoscytalidium and Aspergillus and so on.

Home remedies for the Nail fungus

• The nail fungus at the toe region is treated using topical remedies. This remedy is prepared using essential oils like lemon grass, lavender and clove. The essential oils are known to pass through the nails and into the skin beneath the nail. Hence, they are considered to be more effective. An example to this is a topical treatment spray called as Zeta clear. This spray is applied on the infected toe nail region for thrice per day.
• Tea tree oil was found to be more effective than the other over-the-counter medications that are used for nail fungus.
• Another effective home remedy for nail fungus is apple cider vinegar. This has acetic acid which changes the normal pH of the skin nails. The antifungal properties of the apple cider are beneficial in treating the nail fungus.  The apple cider vinegar can be applied on the nails using a cotton ball in the undiluted form as well as in diluted form.
• Vinegar: The toe or finger nails that are infected with nail fungus can be rinsed or soaked in the water (two parts) mixed with vinegar (one part) for a period of about 15 mints to 20 mints. The micro-organisms growth can be stopped by the usage of vinegar. This is considered as an effective home remedy for nail fungus when the nails of finger or toe are kept dry after it is dipped inside the solution.
• Vicks: The vicks vaporub that is applied on the nail fungus is also observed as the effective remedy for this condition. But, this application of vicks must not be done deep inside the nail. It has to be done superficially.
• The fingers and toes have to be kept away from moisture so that fungal infection is avoided. The feet have to be covered with clean cotton socks and the socks made of synthetic fiber should be avoided from usage. They are avoided as they retain moisture in the feet, which might lead to accumulation of fungus and grow over there.
• If the feet sweat very much for the person, he/she must take out the shoes once in the middle of the day. Otherwise, the shoes with open toes have to be preferred for those who sweat more in their feet. Otherwise, the open toe shoes can be used alternatively with the closed toe shoes. This helps the feet to be dry and free from moisture and be healthy.
• It is not suggested to go to the places like swimming pools with bare foot and the hands have to be washed after the infected nail is touched with the hands.
• The health of the nail: The nails have to be kept clean and healthy. They have to be cut very often and have to be kept short. The surrounding skin is not suggested to be disturbed as this will allow the germs to move into the nail very effectively.
• Listerine treatment: This is the popular treatment which is also not expensive enough. Soaking the finger nails and toe nails in the Listerine solution is considered as a very good remedy for the treatment of nail fungus. The Listerine solution consists of ethanol, eucalyptol, thymol and benzoic acid. The Listerine is the solution that is used for killing the bacteria and is known to have antifungal properties. One of the major types of infections formed by candida was causing onychomycosis.  The treatment for this condition was provided by Listerine. Therefore, Listerine was found to be effective against nail fungus.
• Another herb that is used for onychomycosis has antifungal activity and is known as Camellia sinensis or extract of green tea. This herb was able to kill the fungus by name Candida glabrata.
• Hydrogen peroxide: This is considered as the treatment that is astonishing for the cure of nail fungus. Though this treatment is not observed as official, it is seen as the treatment that is effective against the nail fungus.

Cold is a viral disease that is contagious. It infects the soft mucus lining of the nose. There are more than 100 viruses that can cause cold. The major symptom of cold is running nose. Cold is a mild condition which recovers usually in a week. The symptoms sometimes can become very severe leading to influenza. Cold most commonly occurs in winter months when the weather is cool and it affects the adults and children of all ages. Cold is affected by the people two to four times per year. The person becomes affected the day prior to the breaking out of the illness. The droplets that are airborne will spread the infection when the person suffering sneezes and coughs.

The virus will also spread through the hand when the person comes in contact with the person who is infected already. The person who contracts the virus into his hands will catch cold easily when the person touches the nose and mouth with the hands bearing the virus.

Common cold usually includes nasal congestion, sneezing and running nose. The person might also have headache, sore throat, cough and some more symptoms.

Symptoms of Cold

• Sore throat
• Pain while swallowing
• The nose will be running in the beginning and it becomes later thick and yellow
• Sneezing
• Ear aching
• The breathing will become difficult when the mucus membrane in the nose swells
• Cough
• Headache
• Feeling of not being well
• High temperature. The children will run very high temperatures than adults.

Causes of Cold

• The cold will spread from other children.
• Cold occurs at any time of the year and it is contracted from other people who are suffering from cold.
• Tiny air droplets that come out into the air when the infected person sneezes and coughs.
• The infected person sneezing, coughing or blowing in front of others.
• If the nose, mouth and eyes are touched after touching the virus carrying object.
• Coming in contact with the people suffering from cold during first two to three days of cold can result in infection spread. After one week period of cold, it might not be contagious.
• Rhinovirus
• People with low immunity.

The people with asthma, heart disease and diabetes are affected by cold, the current medical condition is enhanced. The risk for developing other medical conditions will be more in these cases.

Home remedies for cold

• The over-the-counter medications will provide temporary relief from cold.
• The remedies include lemon and honey added into warm water taken for two times in a day.
• The body resistance is improved by using vitamin C. It also reduces the toxicity of the viral infection and decreases the duration of cold.
• The garlic cloves boiled in water can be taken as soup which can cause cold symptoms.
• The antispasmodic and antiseptic properties of garlic decrease the discomfort. The garlic oil helps in airway opening causing the respiration to be carried out properly.
• Ginger is another effective home remedy for cold and cough. Ginger tea is added with honey and drinking it hot will provide throat relief. Ginger tea will take away the heavy headedness.
• The turmeric is used for the treatment of cold. The symptoms of cold are relieved by using the turmeric root as it has anti-inflammatory properties.
• The turmeric and ginger added into milk is better to be taken before going to bed in the night at the time of cold.
• The running nose, which is the common symptom of cold can be handled effectively by smelling or inhaling the vapors of apple cider vinegar, eucalyptus oil and turmeric. These substances are added to the steaming water. Inhaling these vapors will enhance the secretions and they become loosened. The nasal discharge will become free.
• The cough and headaches are effectively handled by steam inhalation which is found to reduce the pain severity. The congestion of the nose might result in headache and therefore the inhalation of vapors will release the congestion.
• The itchy throat and sore throat are cleared by gargling using salt water.
• It is always better to blow the nose often when anyone has cold instead of sniffing it back into the nose. If the blowing pressure is very high and when you are blowing often, the phlegm might enter into the ears. This might cause ear pain. Therefore, to avoid this problem, it is better to close one nostril and clear off the mucus in another nostril gently.
• Nose irrigation can be done by using salt water rinse. Salt water rinsing will aid in breaking the nasal congestion as well as in eradicating the virus particles and bacteria from the nose.
• The mixture of salt and baking soda taken each at 1/4^th teaspoon is added to the water. This water can be put into one of the nostrils. By closing that nostril, the water poured inside has to be drained off from other nostril. This can be repeated for few times to remove the congestion.
• To allow the immune system in the body to fight against the infection of cold it is better to take rest for some time and keep yourself warm.
• Taking zinc lozenges also can reduce the severity of the cold.
• The extract made from Echinacea and goldenseal is also used for enhancing the immune system at the time of cold infection.
• Hyssop is taken in tea form by the Native Americans as it acts as an expectorant and fights against the virus infection.
• The mixture of tea tree oil and water is used in treating the sore throat accompanied by cold.
• The broth made from either chicken or potato peel is taken to bring relief from cold.
• The use of handkerchiefs is not recommended while the tissue papers are used for cleaning the mucus that is drained off from the nasal passage and the papers are disposed after usage so that the infection cannot spread through the tissue papers.
• The hands have to be washed very often when you are living along with the person infected.
• The homeopathic remedies that are found to be beneficial are belladonna, Aconite, Antimonium, Arsenicum and Tartaricum.
• The Echinacea herb is considered as antiviral, antibacterial, improves the immune system and enhances the healing.
• The upper respiratory tract infections, reducing the fever, draining the excess mucus secretion and sore throat are managed by horse radish that can be used as dietary supplement and taken for the benefit.
• The herb kava kava can be taken for treating the pain due to cold and can be used for gargling purpose.
• The chronic sore throat can be handled effectively by Myrrh which is a strong antiseptic and anti-inflammatory. Myrrh is considered as an excellent decongestant.
• Oregano oil is mostly used in Europe for battling with the laryngitis, sore throat and respiratory allergies. This oil is known to have antibacterial and antifungal properties.
• Sage is the herb that is used for treating the stuffed nose, coughs, gingivitis and sore throat. This is used for gargling purpose.
• The antiviral and antibiotic that is used for infection is Wild Indigo. This will trigger the immune system and it will treat chronic sore throat.
• Pranayaamam can be done as a yogic practice and walking and jogging can help the person to keep the respiratory system healthy.

Diet that is used for treating common cold

• The immune mechanism can be strengthened by taking vitamin C which enhances the natural defense mechanism that can fight against infections. The foods having rich source of vitamin C are orange, citrus fruits and lemon.
• The diet for the person who has common cold must have fruits, green leafy vegetables, nuts and grains and so on.
• The person must take very light diet which is devoid of red meat, processed foods and greasy foods.
• The chicken soup is found to enhance the tolerance capacity of the people having cold and it is found to reduce the nose stuffiness and clear the nose. It is also observed to be reducing the inflammation.
• Using spinach also helps the person as it has vitamins A and C.
• Fish being rich in omega-3 fatty acids are suggested to be taken by the people suffering from cold as it also has anti-inflammatory properties.
• The fluid intake also has to be more at this stage as it will help the mucus not to cause congestion and even expel the secretions from the body.

Migraine is the headache of common kind that might occur with symptoms like vomiting, nausea, and light sensitivity. Some people experience migraine by having an intense pain on the one side of the head. Some people who suffer from migraine will experience warning signs of migraine called as aura. This aura occurs prior to the starting of headache. Aura is a collection of symptoms which includes the disturbances caused in the vision. These disturbances in the vision act as warning sign for a bad headache.

Migraine is a very painful headache and the people who suffer from this, compliant about it as the throbbing pain on one side of the head region. The migraine headache causes the person to become sensitive to sound along with light. Migraine is found to be more common in females than in males. Some people will be able to predict the migraine attack for them as they can see zigzag lines or flash lights or lose the vision temporarily. This headache is also known as vascular headache. It is caused by vasodilation which stimulates the release of chemical substances from the nerve fibers which surround the brain arteries. The blood vessels are enlarged and the coiled nerves are stretched round the blood vessels. This makes the nerves that are coiled around the blood vessels to give out chemicals. These chemicals form the reason for the pain, swelling and arterial enlargement still more. The pain is enhanced by the enlargement of arteries intensely.

The migraine headache is found to be influencing or activating the sympathetic nervous system present in the body. The sympathetic nervous system constitutes the nerves that control the pain and stress and is known to give “flight and fight response”. The major symptoms related to the migraine are associated with the increased activity of sympathetic nervous system. The enhanced activity of sympathetic nervous system is observed to be resulting in diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.

The sympathetic activity trigger will make the delayed transfer of the stomach contents into the intestine. This activity will not allow the medications taken orally to go into the intestine and get absorbed. The improper absorption of oral drugs forms the reason for the drugs to become ineffective in treating the migraine.  The blood circulation also will be reduced resulting in skin pallor, cold feet and cold hands due to the enhanced sympathetic activity.

Symptoms of Migraine

The migraine is a chronic attack and they occur very often.  Most of the migraines are regarding headache only.

• Intensive pounding or throbbing pain occurs at one temple region of the head.
• The pain is observed unilateral while some times it can also be bilateral.
• The unilateral migraine attacks might change the sides of the head when they occur one after other attack. But in this case the underlying cause can also be a brain tumor and hence the patient has to consult the doctor regarding unilateral pain.
• The migraine is enhanced when the person walks upstairs.
• As the people having migraine cannot tolerate light and sound they prefer to live in a dark room. A single attack might stay for about four hours to 72 hours.
• About 40 percent to 60 percent of migraine headache sufferers are found to be having other symptoms for few hours to few days prior to the migraine attack. These prior signs are

o   Irritability

o   Sleepiness

o   Depression

o   Fatigue

o   Craving for salty and sweet foods

o   Yawning

• Along with headache, other symptoms that are experienced are chills, loss of appetite, increased urination, numbness or tingling or weakness, mentally dull, neck pain, problem in concentrating and sweating.

• Migraine Aura: It is known that about twenty percent of migraine headaches are dealing with aura. The migraine aura will occur prior to the headache and it might occur at the same time when the headache appears. The aura includes the hole in the visual picture, flashing lights, zigzag patterns beginning in the visual field and then continuing it further. Some people who suffer from migraine will only have visual aura and not headache and it is seen mostly in elderly people. Another less severe aura might occur which includes pricking with pin sensation in the hands and arm on the one side of the body. The pin sensation around the mouth and nose on the same side, tastes that are abnormal and auditory hallucinations are some of the other auras that can be felt.
• About one day after migraine attack, the person will have all the energy drained off and will have sensitivity to light and sound.

Causes of Migraine

Some people who are suffering from migraine will be able to identify the real cause for the headache that is creating problem to them. Some people will not be able to identify the concerned factors.

• Loud noises, bright lights, perfumes and some odors.
• Physical stress and emotional stress.
• Exposure to smoke.
• Allergic reactions.
• Changes in sleep patterns.
• Alcohol.
• Avoiding fasting and meals.
• Fluctuations in menstrual cycle, fluctuations in hormones when the menopause starts and birth control tablets.
• Foods consisting of aged cheese, chicken livers, some beans, red wine, figs, smoked fish, nitrates such as salami, bacon and hot dogs and mono sodium glutamate.
• Tension headache.
• Foods that consist of nuts, avocado, citrus, dairy products, chocolate, peanut butter, onions, pickles and fermented foods.
• Meals skipping
• Most of the women will have their headache worsening during the menstruation, before and after the menstruation.
• Changes in weather
• Excess fatigue

The stimulants or triggering substances may not be always involved in causing migraine while avoiding stimulation may not prevent the migraine to occur.

• The abnormal alterations in the levels of chemicals prevent the brain.
• The vascular headache otherwise called as migraine is caused by vasodilation.
• The dopamine and serotonin levels change abnormally resulting in dilation and constriction of blood vessels. This causes pain. The reason behind this activity is not exactly known while research is going on.
• Extensive physical activity which also includes sexual activity
• Medications like vasodilators (nitroglycerin), oral contraceptives

Home remedies for Migraine

• Grapes: The relief from migraine can be had from the grapes that are ripened. The juice is taken from the grapes and is used as the effective remedy. The fresh grapes are grinded well and taken without adding water.
• Niacin: Niacin is very much helpful in bringing relief to the pain due to migraine. The rich sources of vitamin are whole wheat, tomatoes, sunflower seeds, yeast, leafy vegetables, fish and liver. The vitamin I complex tablets consist of 100mg of niacin which is consumed for migraine treatment.
• Cabbage leaf compress: The use of cabbage leaf can be considered as relief to the migraine. The cabbage leaves are crushed and placed inside the cloth. This is kept on the front of the head for a long period. If the leaves that are compressed are dried off, fresh leaves are used instead.
• Lemon crust: The migraine is cured by lemon crusts. The lemon crust is grinded and applied as paste on the front of the head. This remedy is found to be long lasting and very effective.
• Vegetable juices: The carrot juice is mixed with juices made from beet, spinach and cucumber and used for the treatment of migraine. The migraine therapy is carried out by the mixture of carrot juice with spinach juice made into 200milliliters, the mixture of cucumber juice and beet juice along with 300ml of juice made from carrot.
• The anti-inflammatory agent called as primrose oil is used as effective treatment for migraine as it functions as the agent that can constrict the blood vessels.
• The multivitamins and the minerals are essential for providing nutrition in the diet when the person is suffering from migraine.
• Rutin is naturally available flavonoid which helps in removing the toxic metals that might cause migraine.
• The garlic is the potential detoxifier which is beneficial in the treatment of migraine.
• The vitamin C having bioflavonoids aids in release of anti-stress hormone that is secreted as adrenal hormone. Vitamin C also increases immunity.
• There are some more herbs that are helpful in bringing relief to the migraine. One of them is Cordyceps, which decreases stress and anxiety and it simultaneously increases sleep.
• The feverfew will decrease the pain and discomfort. But, this has to be not taken during pregnancy.
• The herb called kava helps in relieving the migraine and improves the sleeping tendency of the person. This herb should not be taken in more quantities or more than what is recommended.
• The chamomile tea has to be taken to decrease migraine symptoms and is one of the effective remedies for migraine.
• Drinking Luke warm water will clean the bowels and helps in eradicating the toxins from the body. This enema like effect is beneficial in treating the migraine.
• Meditation also helps in treating any type of head related problems such as headache, depression, tension, anxiety and migraine. Meditation aids in decreasing the chances of recurrence of headaches.
• The henna flowers are observed to be beneficial in treating migraines and headaches. The pain can be immediately relieved by rubbing the henna leaves soaked in the vinegar, on the forehead.
• Another effective remedy that is also simple to follow is to take about 120mg of extract of Ginkgo biloba before any meal. This plant will help in enhancing the blood circulation and bring relief to the migraine.
• The migraine was found to be occurring due to the presence of low levels of magnesium in the body. Eating of magnesium supplements will reduce the migraine headache. Therefore eating the magnesium rich dietary sources like fruits, nuts and leafy vegetables will help in reducing the migraines.
• Eating about ten to twelve almonds is known to show enough relief to the migraine headache.

Diet that is used for the treatment of migraine

• Fasting can be done with orange juice and water for about two to three days. Fasting on carrot, cucumber and celery is also followed.
• Avoid eating foods like white flour products, confectionery, pastries, refined cereals, sugar, tinned food, greasy foods, sauces, condiments and pickles.
• The migraine pain can be brought relief by taking all-fruit diet as meals every day for about three to four days.
• After taking all fruit diet for some time, the person with migraine has to switch to the well-balanced diet which consists of vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds and grains. This diet must also include the yoghurt, buttermilk, milk, honey and vegetable oil. The all fruit diet will clean the body and keep the mind and body fresh as a part of migraine therapy. Hence, it can be followed every month at least once.
• Frequent meals: Drinking water in large quantities is very much essential. Eating meals that are small and frequent is advantageous than eating large and less number of meals. This will aid in metabolic process.

Psoriasis is the skin condition that consists of red colored patches which are of various sizes. These red patches are covered by silvery scales and dry scales. Psoriasis is the condition that is chronic and it means “itch”. In this condition, skin will be swollen and the red colored eruptions will appear on the skin surface. These eruptions will start to pain intensively. The regions with these lesions are covered with silvery scales. The skin that is present near the joints might crack. Psoriasis is considered as the chronic skin condition that cannot be cured. The symptoms might disappear and suddenly might appear again.

Psoriasis mostly occurs in the knees, palms, scalp, elbows, lower back and soles of the feet. Even the genital area also can be affected. The toenails and fingernails are also not an exception to this disease. The soft tissues that are present inside the mouth are also affected by psoriasis. The people who have arthritis also might develop psoriasis. This condition is called as psoriatic arthritis and is seen in about 15% of people.

The problem with the immune system might cause psoriasis. In the process known as cell turnover, the deep skin cells will reach the surface of the skin. This process will take few months in normal cases while in psoriasis it happens in few days as the cells rise very fast. Psoriasis usually occurs in adults and it is also observed as hereditary. Based on the type of psoriasis, the lesion appearance differs. There are five kinds of psoriasis. They are guttate psoriasis, plaque psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, pustular psoriasis and erythrodermic psoriasis. It is observed that eighty percent of people suffering from psoriasis have plaque psoriasis. This condition is otherwise called as psoriasis vulgaris. The thick, red or silvery and scaly skin patches are caused by plaque psoriasis. These plaques or patches can grow at any location in the body like knees, elbows, and so on.

Symptoms of psoriasis

• Red, irritating, flakes like patches on the skin
• Mostly the patches are seen in the knees, elbows and middle of the body
• The scalp might consist of red colored patches and these patches might occur anywhere else in the body too
• The skin might be itchy
• The skin might be covered with flakes that are silvery white
• The skin is thick and raised in appearance
• The skin is pink red in color
• The lesions on the genital area are also observed
• The pain in the joints is seen
• The alteration at the region of nails like thickened nails, nails getting separated from the skin beneath and dents in the nail
• Appearance of severe dandruff in the scalp
• The plaques will usually appear symmetrically on both the knees, both the elbows and so on
• The patches might sometimes become dry and crack to release pus.
• In children, the psoriasis is little bit different from that occurring in adults. The patches are not scaly and not as thick as seen in adults. The diaper region in infants usually will be affected by psoriasis.
• Psoriasis is seen in the legs, arms, palm, back, scalp, genitals, and buttocks, under the arms and under the breasts. These areas will itch and burn a lot with psoriasis.

Causes of psoriasis

• Mostly occurs in the people in the age range of 15 years and 35 years.
• This disease is not contagious and it cannot be spread to others from one person to another.
• It appears to be hereditary
• The medical experts think that this disease will occur when the immune system in the body consider the healthy cells as toxic substance or dangerous substances
• Bacterial infections or viral infections such as strep throat or infections at the upper respiratory tract
• Dry skin
• Dry air
• Skin injuries like insect bites, cuts and burns
• Stress
• Lithium drug, antimalarial drugs and beta blockers
• Intensive sunlight
• Little sunlight
• Intense alcohol consumption
• Occurs in people who have their immune systems weakened like people suffering from autoimmune disorders, AIDS and cancer chemotherapy.
• According to the scientists, the genes and immunity in the body are playing significant role in causing psoriasis.
• Psoriasis will make the T cells in the body to stimulate a reaction in the skin cells. Therefore, psoriasis is also termed as the disease that is T-cell mediated
• The T-cell mediated reactions lead to the synthesis of new skin cells in just few days rather in week time.
• The cause for the T-cell to trigger this reaction is stored in the DNA. The people who have psoriasis are found to be inheriting the gene that can trigger psoriasis.
• It is observed by the scientists that there are many genes that are involved in psoriasis occurrence.
• Among the genes that are found to be involved in causing psoriasis, few have been identified. One among them is PSORS1 (SORE-ESS-1). This gene is known to be helping in battling of immunity with the infection.
• It is not said that people having the gene for psoriasis will get the disease. The person must have the correct mixture of genes along with the necessary trigger. Then only it can result in psoriasis. Some of the triggers that cause psoriasis in people having the gene responsible for it are strep throat, stressful life event and skin injury.
• The triggers that are mentioned above are found to be experienced by the people before they contracted psoriasis.
• Triggers that cause psoriasis are not said to be universal. The trigger that causes psoriasis in one person might not be causing the same in another person.
• The psoriasis intensity might differ with changes in hormones. This disease intensity goes to high level at the time of menopause and puberty. The symptoms that appear in pregnant women might not worsen. The symptom flaring is seen in the postpartum period.

Home remedies for psoriasis

• The liver tonic that is made from herbs accompanied by tissue and blood cleaners is considered as the natural treatment method for psoriasis. Nerve tonics are also used for reducing the itching sensation in psoriasis.
• Applying the aloe vera gel or cream on the psoriasis lesions every day three times for a period of few weeks can bring improvement in the psoriasis patients.
• The itching and scales formation is reduced by using the apple cider vinegar mixed in water. Apple cider vinegar that is diluted is used for bathing the body and it can be left like that for few minutes. This will help to regain acidity to the skin.
• The important ingredient in Exorex is banana peel. A lotion is prepared by using the fatty acids taken from banana peel and coal tar. This concept is taken from the Zulu folklore where peels of banana are utilized for various diseases of the skin. This has been done for many years.
• The psoriasis worsening can be reduced by the use of Burdock root. The tincture prepared from this root is taken as 20 to 40 drops and applied on the patches.
• Chamomile tea is used extensively for treating psoriasis as it has anti-inflammatory properties. If anyone has allergy towards the rag weeds, this herb should not be taken as it is also a ragweed member.
• The castor oil that is pressed at cool conditions on the patches along with the baking soda which can improve the thick and scaly skin if there are no cracks formed already.
• Cayenne pepper is another substance that is used for treating the psoriasis as it has anti-inflammatory properties.
• The redness and scaliness of the skin in psoriasis is treated by capsaicin cream that is made from hot peppers. This medication that is prepared from hot peppers is available in the market as over-the-counter medication. It is not suggested to be used on the skin that is broken. This can be used for about six weeks to see best results.
• The psoriatic plaques are cleared by using common figwort. The tincture prepared from it is used two times in a day at the dosage of two milliliters.
• The toxins in the body are cleared and the flow of bile is stimulated by using the tincture prepared from the Dandelion herb. About 30 drops to 60 drops of this tincture can be used for two times per day.
• The tincture prepared from Echinacea is used for treating psoriasis by boosting the immune system. The dosage that is used is about 20 drops to 30 drops used for three times per day. This is carried out for about ten days consecutively. A small break can be given and again the treatment can be repeated.
• Emu oil which consists of essential fatty acids might be beneficial for the treatment of psoriasis. The patches are applied with Emu oil.
• The flax seed oil which is similar to the fish oil is also used for the treatment of psoriasis. It is good to add flaxseed oil to the salad dressing which acts as a nutritious supplement in the diet. It is healthy to take two table spoons of flaxseed oil every day.
• The tea prepared from fumitory herb is found to be beneficial for treating psoriasis. This tea can be taken by a cotton ball and applied on the patches.
• The sulfur deficiency also might result in psoriasis. Taking garlic capsules about three to six will help to contribute sulfur to the body.
• Intake of 20 drops to 30 drops of tincture made from goldenseal herb is beneficial for treating psoriasis. This is taken two times in a day for 10 days.
• The extract made form Gotu kola decreases the inflammation and enhances the healing of the skin. About 200 milliliters of this extract is taken for thrice per day for a period of one month.
• The extract that is prepared from liquid licorice can be applied on the affected region to bring relief from psoriasis.
• The flaxseed oil, avocado oil, walnut oils, garlic oil can be applied on the patches of psoriasis for healing purpose. They moisturize the patches and heal them.
• The abnormal cell replication present in psoriasis is corrected by milk thistle. About 300ml of extract made form milk thistle can be used for thrice per day.
• Psoriasis patches are applied with Neem seed oil which is an Ayurvedic herbal remedy. Neem is applied also as lotions and creams.
• Drinking cabbage soup daily in one bowl is an effective remedy for psoriasis.
• Drinking buttermilk for two to three times per day can make the toxins to be eradicated from the body.
• The seeds of sesame are soaked in water for overnight and the water is taken in the early morning with stomach empty.
• The foods filled with vitamin E like wheat germs, spinach, sweet potato, almond oil and sunflower seeds are taken by the psoriasis patients.
• Bitter gourd juice is also considered as an effective home remedy for psoriasis. One to two glasses can be taken for about six months.
• The juice taken from black nightshade is made from the leaves of this plant and applied on the psoriasis patches.
• The paste made from the jasmine flowers is applied on the psoriasis patches and psoriatic inflammations.

Mosquitoes are a type of insects that are around every one since greater than thirty million years. They usually bite the animals to suck the blood of the animal. The mosquitoes have certain sensors which help them to get the prey.  These sensors are classified as visual sensors, chemical and heat sensors. The chemical sensors will aid in sensing the lactic acid and carbon-dioxide that are hundred feet distant. The chemicals present in the sweat also aid in attracting the mosquitoes. The mosquitoes are able to identify the person moving and wearing the clothes that are having contrast color to the background color. If they identify anyone moving they consider that person as alive and decide to bite the person to get blood as their food. The heat is felt by the mosquitoes and they can differentiate warm blooded animals from cold blooded animals.

The head of the mosquitoes consists of apparatus for biting. The head also consists of antennae, which can identify the chemicals and the mouth parts known as palpus and proboscis. The wings and legs are attached to the thorax and this part consists of nerve cell ganglia, flight muscles, compound heart and trachioles. The abdominal region is comprised of excretory organs and digestive organs.

The mosquito bites can transmit many diseases that are serious like Malaria, Dengue fever and West Nile virus. The mosquito bites are made by the mosquitoes during the dawn or at dusk mostly. They are said to be active mostly during this period. The female mosquitoes are found to be mostly involved in biting humans. The female mosquitoes require the meals that are bloody to release eggs. The female mosquito bites the human to feed on the blood and inject the saliva into the skin. The saliva consists of different proteins, which are involved in avoiding the clotting of blood. The saliva also consists of proteins that allow the blood to flow into the mouth of mosquito.

The proteins present in the saliva of the mosquito trigger many immune reactions, which include allergic reactions. Many people have various allergic reactions towards mosquito bites   and the symptoms would alter as time passes based on the number of bites of the mosquitoes. The allergic responses can be of delayed or immediate swelling and itching surrounding the area where the mosquito has bit. The allergic responses gradually reduce as years pass towards the mosquito bite.

The mosquito bite can result in Skeeter syndrome. The bite can lead to the blistery rashes, swelling at the bite area and bruises. If the swelling area is more at the bite region, then it is termed as “Skeeter syndrome”.

Symptoms of Mosquito bite

• The common symptoms of mosquito bite are bumps that are pale and soft present on the skin. They become pink and red after biting.
• Itching.
• The mosquito bite can cause a bump which appears immediately or might take two days to stay.
• If the skin is more sensitive to mosquito bite, then the region of itching might increase.
• Swelling in the throat, wheezing and hives occur as a result of serious response.
• The severe reaction to the mosquito bite needs medical help for a life threatening state called as anaphylaxis.
• The mosquito bite can cause severe diseases like yellow fever, malaria, dengue fever and west Nile fever. The symptoms of serious infections caused by mosquito bite are

o   Severe headache

o   Muscle weakness or neurological changes

o   Fever

o   Nausea

o   Body pains

o   Vomiting

o   Rashes

o   Swollen glands

o   Lethargy

o   Light sensitivity

o   Confusion

• The immune reaction to the proteins causes itching and bumps.

Causes of mosquito bite

The mosquito bite will not cause serious illness unless it carries an organism.

• The mosquito bite is caused by the piercing of the proboscis part of the female mosquito.
• The female mosquito will feed on the blood by cutting open the skin and suck the blood.
• The saliva is deposited on the skin and it consists of proteins that get retained on the skin.

• The people who are at the outdoors for long duration are susceptible to mosquito bites.
• The people who have low immunity towards the mosquito bite like children and the people who have come to that region for the first time and did not get exposed to the mosquitoes of that area are at high risk of getting bitten.
• The people suffering from immuno deficiencies like lymphomas, leukemias and AIDS are at high risk of being allergic to the mosquito bites.

Home remedies for mosquito bite

• The usage of banana peels works effectively for mosquito bite. The pulpy surface of the banana peel will help in bringing relief to the itching.
• The mosquito bite has to be cleaned with soap and water.
• The swelling can be alleviated by using an ice pack.
• The fluid can be drawn by applying an agent that is meant for drying. The bite can be applied with the paste that is made up of baking soda and salt water. The toothpaste is also found to have the capacity to draw liquids from the skin as it dries on the skin.
• The itchiness can be alleviated by applying alcohol or vodka and also hand sanitizers.
• Peppermint oil can be used for making the area numb and it offers immediate relief from pain and irritation. This oil also functions as the mosquito repellant. So, people use tooth paste as an ointment on the skin.
• The bite can be brought relief by the aroma therapists by using lavender oil or tea tree oil with the help of a cotton swab.
• An onion slice can also be cut and applied slowly on the bite to bring relief to the itching and irritation.
• The garlic clove can be cut and rubbed on the region where the mosquito has bitten.
• The rashes and itching that is caused by the mosquito bite are brought relief by applying calamine solution using a cotton swab in the affected area. This lotion is known to show effective remedy for mosquito bite.
• As mosquitoes do not like the taste of marmite toast, eating a slice of marmite toast everyday morning will prevent mosquitoes to bite.
• The itching sensation of the mosquito bite can be relieved by soaking the cotton ball in vinegar and applying on the skin area.
• Copper penny is a very good remedy for mosquito bite. Attach a copper coin to the region for a night and the itching will be gone.
• The itching is stopped by applying the white vinegar on the wound and rubbing it with banana peel.
• Relief by household items: Rubbing soap bar on the bite, rubbing alcohol, hot water and ice pack on it will bring relief. The scotch tape placed on the bite also helps.
• Topical applications to bring relief quickly: Strong tea, nail polish, tooth paste, honey, vinegar, deodorant, mouthwash, ammonia, bleach and rubbing alcohol.
• Pastes: water and meat tenderizer, Epsom salt and water, tums tablets and water, aspirin mixed with water, aspirin with alcohol.
• Ointments and creams: These are available commercially and they can be used for applying on the bite to bring relief. They are Benadryl cream, orajel, caladryl, anbesol, vicks vaporub, preparation H, tiger balm, lucas papaw ointment, bag balm, Mylanta, gold bond medicated cream applied after bite.
• Some of the essential oils that help in mosquito bite are cedar oil and witch hazel oil.
• The leaves of plantain and basil are helpful in this regard.
• Fruits: Application of lemon juice or lemon slice and banana peel on the bite will bring relief to that area.
• Rubbing apple cider vinegar on the bite directly or using leaf extract of Aloe Vera on the bite are very good home remedies.
• If the bite is very severe and unbearable, then the Alka-Seltzer tablets are mixed in water and applied on the bites to bring relief.

Ringworm is the infection on the skin which occurs due to a fungus. Ringworm commonly occurs in children and it can also affect people of any age. Though the name indicates something related to a “worm”, this condition is caused by a fungus. There are many fungi and bacteria that survive in the human body. Some of them are beneficial to the humans and some are harmful. The ringworm condition results when the fungus called Tinea multiplies and grows extensively on the skin.

Ringworm will affect the skin at the region of beard, feet, groin area, body and scalp. Ringworm spreads from one person to another by coming in contact with the person having infection. If the person comes in contact with the materials that have fungus growing on them like clothing that is not washed, combs and shower surfaces ringworm infection results.

The ringworm infection is also contracted from the pets that have the infection caused by this fungus. Ringworm mostly occurs when the body is damp and has small injuries on the nails, skin and scalp. If the person is living in humid, warm climate and develops contact with lesions present on another person or animal or possesses the weak immune system, then the risk of getting ring worm is higher. The people suffering from leukemia, diabetes or AIDS might have weak immune system and hence will have greater chances of getting ringworm.

The ring worm of the body is formed by Tinea corporis, Athlete’s foot by Tinea Pedis, Jock itch by Tinea cruris, Ringworm of the nail by Tinea unguium and scalp ringworm by Tinea capitis. The face ringworm is formed by Tinea faciei and the ringworm of hands by Tinea manus.

The ringworm appears as red, round or oval shaped scaly patch having pink borders. The scales are mostly less red in the middle or healed in the middle. This region might consist of pus or fluid or it may be dry or crusted. The fungus looks like ring shaped and the new ring will start forming inside and the old ring outside. In serious cases, the rash will become itchy.

Symptoms of Ring worm

• Itchy rash.
• The ring is formed with a certain pattern.
• Red, silvery, round and itchy rash is observed sometimes.
• The rashes in the skin folds of groin called as Jock itch. This might get distributed to inner thighs or buttocks.
• The ringworm that forms on the hand will be similar to the Athlete’s foot.
• The palm of the hand will have thickened skin which is scaly and dry.
• The skin that is present in between the fingers might be wet and might have sores that are open.
• The skin might develop blisters and appear raised.
• The scaly skin that remains as patches on the scalp might exist as sores.
• The scalp ringworm will create patches in the scalp that is itchy.
• The hair loss is patchy.
• Severe condition of ringworm.
• The tiny and pus containing sores on the scalp.
• Crusts present on the scalp.
• The scalp will consist of a sore that is swollen known as kerion.
• The scalp wound will release pus and the person might have a fever and the lymph glands are swollen.
• The body ringworm will appear as red rash and irritating surrounding the rash.
• The small rings will join to form a big ring in the case of severe body ringworm infection.
• The rings of body ringworm will rise on the skin and will be itchy.
• The skin appears cracked in the case of foot ringworm.
• The foot ringworm in severe cases will form blisters, swelling in the skin, skin burning and scales around the side of the foot.
• Reddish brown sores are observed in the symptoms of groin ringworm. These sores might have pus filled sores surrounding the edge. The area around the inner thighs and bottom becomes red and itchy. The genitals at the time of groin area infection will not be affected much. The skin near the groin area might become flaky and scaly.
• The nail ringworm can cause thickened nail which is whitish.
• The nail might become discolored as it may turn into black, white, green or yellow.
• The nail might fall off as it becomes weak and brittle.
• The skin surrounding the nail ringworm might be irritated and sore.

Causes of Ring worm

• Ringworm is not caused by worm.
• Ringworm is caused by fungus.
• The fungal types that make the ringworm live and spread on the skin top layer and even on the hair.
• The ringworm fungi will grow in moist and warm regions like in skin folds, locker rooms and swimming pools.
• This fungus will spread when the person comes in contact with another person having this infection.
• This fungus will also spread when the healthy person share the towel or clothing with the infected person. The exchange of sports gear and coming in contact with the infected dog and cat can spread the ring worm fungus.

Home remedies for Ringworm

• Papaya: The papaya in raw form is considered more effective for the treatment of ringworm. This fruit has to be sliced and rubbed on the patches of the ringworm. The papaya seeds are dried and made into paste and applied on the ringworm patches.
• Mustard seeds: The mustard seeds are used for the effective treatment for ringworm. The patches have to be washed with hot water and washed thoroughly. After that, the paste made from the dried mustard seeds is applied externally on the patches.
• Butea seeds: The Butea seeds are found to be beneficial for the treatment of ringworm. The seeds are grinded as paste and mixed with lime juice and then applied on the ringworm patches.
• Cassia leaves: The skin irritation can be reduced by using the cassia leaves and in decreasing the pain and swelling. The juice prepared from these leaves or paste made from them can be applied on the ringworm patches which might give good results.
• Holy basil: The holy basil leaves are beneficial in the ringworm treatment. The leaves of basil are used for its application on the ringworm patches.
• Turmeric: Turmeric is very much useful in the management of ringworm. The skin that is infected by the ringworm has to be applied with the juice of the turmeric that is raw. The turmeric juice is taken as one teaspoonful and mixed with equal amount of honey. This is taken orally to bring relief from ringworm infection.
• Raw vegetable juice: The treatment of ringworm is carried out by using carrot juice along with spinach juice. The volumes of these juices that are beneficial in the ringworm management are 300ml of carrot juice and 200ml of spinach juice.
• Coconut oil: The application of coconut oil on the affected ringworm patches is healed by usage of coconut oil. The skin can be smoothened as well as the scaly, dry and infected skin can be softened. The skin irritation can be brought relief due to the application of coconut oil immediately.
• A paste is prepared from the oregano herbal mix along with olive oil. This paste can be applied on the patches for getting relief.
• Calendula ointment or cream or tincture mixed with warm water can work as astringent, antifungal. It can also heal the fungal infection that is present as ringworm in the body. This is used as external application for about two to three times in a day.
• The drinking of chamomile tea about three times in a day or direct application of it on the infection for few times can help in the treatment of the infection.
• The garlic can be taken as extract daily in six teaspoons. Garlic paste can be prepared by grinding in a blender and can be applied on the fungal patches by using a cotton ball dipped in the garlic extract. Garlic has antifungal properties.
• Ginger tea: The ginger tea is prepared by adding two ounces of ginger root into eight ounces of water. This is done for 20 minutes and it is known to have antifungal properties. The tea can be taken orally for three times in a day or it can be applied externally with the help of cotton compress soaked in the tea.
• Goldenseal is another herb which is used efficiently for the ringworm treatment. This herb can be made into a juice and drink for at least three times in a day or the tea can be prepared from it by boiling six teaspoons of this herb in dried form in water for about 20 minutes. This tea can be prepared by straining the leaves and the water can be applied on the fungal patches three times per day. The feet, shoes and socks can be cleaned by using goldenseal powder two times in a day.
• Lemongrass tea: The lemon grass tea can be taken for three times per day. The tea can be taken orally while the used tea bags can be applied externally on the patches of ringworm with the help of cotton balls.
• Myrrh: Myrrh is the herb that also has antifungal properties. The goldenseal powder and myrrh powder can be mixed with water and a paste is made. This is applied on the rashes for three times per day.
• Olive: The leaf extract of the olive plant is taken which is known to strengthen the immune system. This leaf extract is taken for three times per day at a volume of 250 milliliters.

The diet that is essential for the treatment of ringworm

• All-fruit diet, milk and curd: The person has to use all-fruit diet for initially five days. The daily three meals should consist of fruits that include pineapples, pomegranate, oranges, papaya and apples. These fruits are given at five hours interval. The fruits intake will eliminate the dirt from the body and helps in the improvement of the digestion and health. The raw fruits and steamed vegetables without taking salt accompanied by whole wheat tortilla can be eaten after completing the all-fruit diet course.
• The curd and milk can be taken after the all fruit diet is followed for certain period.
• Well-balanced diet: The all-fruit diet has to be followed by intake of well-balanced diet such as nuts, cereals, slightly cooked vegetables or raw vegetables, seeds and fresh fruits.
• The food to be avoided: The food that has to be avoided in eating are coffee, tea, flavored dishes, sugar, white flour products, and bottled foods.

The kidney stone is a big crystal mass which is made of small crystals. The kidney or ureter can have stones in each of them simultaneously. Kidney stone is a hard, crystalline substance that is formed inside the kidneys. Nephrolithiasis is the medical word that is given for the kidney stones. The indications for the formation of kidney stones are flank pain, which can be mild or severe and bloody urine also called as hematuria. The reduction in urine volume can cause the formation of kidney stones. The stones are formed when the stone forming substances are present in the urine. The formation of kidney stone is caused by the maximum risk factor called dehydration.

The people who are taking certain drugs and supplements or those who are suffering from gout are at high risk of getting kidney stones. The formation of stones is associated with the hereditary and dietary factors. The computerized tomography scan is utilized for the identification of kidney stones. The kidney stones mostly will get transferred from ureter to the bladder on their own as time passes. The stones which remain in the kidneys and do not pass from ureter to the bladder can be treated with lithotripsy surgical procedure.

Kidney stones might lead to the bloody urine and severe pain in the abdominal region, groin or flank. The kidney stones are also known as renal calculi. If the kidney stones are situated at any place in the urinary tract is known as urolithiasis. The kidney stones are rarely seen in children. But, in the countries where the plants form the protein diet for the people living in middle-east, Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe and India this condition is mostly experienced by children. The uric acid content in the bladder stones are found commonly in developing countries.

The different types of kidney stones are calcium oxalate, cystine stones, uric acid and struvite stones.

Symptoms of kidney stones

• The major symptom is that the pain begins suddenly and will disappear suddenly.
• The pain can be observed in the belly region or at the back side.
• The groin area or testicle can be experiencing pain.
• The urine color is abnormal.
• Urine is bloody.
• Fever
• Chills
• Vomiting
• Nausea

When the tube is blocked by any substance, the pain will spread all through the body and these pain waves are called as colic. This type of pain is different from the pain that is caused by non-colic type like appendicitis or pancreatitis. In these cases the pain increases when the person moves.

• Renal colic
• Sometimes the pain increases and then decreases suddenly. The pain exists between the acute pain spasms.
• The pain might lie in the groin, flank or at the back side. The testicle or scrotum might have pain in the case of males.
• The patient will not be able to bear the pain.
• The symptoms of kidney stones present in children are same as those present in adults.

Causes for kidney stones

• The kidney stones might be formed due to the hereditary reasons.
• Most of the times, the kidney stones are made up of calcium and the high levels of calcium in urine is the important risk factor. This condition is called as hypercalciuria.
• These higher levels of calcium can be the hereditary reason for the cause of kidney stones.
• Some other hereditary diseases can form the reason for the cause of kidney stones in some people. For instance, people suffering from renal tubular acidosis, people who have problem in digesting the various chemicals like oxalate, cystine and uric acid (as seen in gout).
• The area where the person is living might also be the reason for the formation of kidney stones. There are some areas in the southern part of United States where the people living in that geographical location are more prone to develop kidney stones.
• The climate which is hot in this region when combined with the reduced intake of fluid might result in causing dehydration in the people. The condition further leads to the concentration of urine and making the chemicals to come in close contact to create nidus or stone.
• Diet: The food that is rich in calcium might enhance the risk for the person to become susceptible to kidney stones. If the person is not at a risk of forming stones then diet may not play any role in making them to be susceptible to formation of stones.
• Drugs: The individuals who take the diuretic medications and those who take in lot of calcium containing antacids will have enhanced calcium in their urine. This will increase the risk for the stone formation. The calcium levels in the urine will increase when the person takes in vitamin A and D.

The people having HIV and those who are taking the Indinavir medication might form Indinavir stones. Other drugs that are involved in formation of stones include antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone as well as Dilantin.

• The diseases that might exist already like cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease and real tubular acidosis are chronic conditions that are related to the kidney stones.

Home remedies for the kidney stones

Some of the kidney stones like gall stones will remain undiagnosed and do not produce any symptoms. When the kidney stones become very large and block the flow of urine through the ureter, the pain might be very high.

• Kidney beans: The dried form of French beans or Rajmah are considered as effective home remedy for kidney stones. The kidney beans or Rajmah are sliced and 60 grams of them are taken and added to the four liters of water. The water is boiled so that the seeds get mixed well. This decoction is strained with a muslin cloth and the liquid is given to the person once in two hours in the entire day. This decoction can also be taken several times in a week. This Rajmah decoction will not function properly once it goes beyond 24 hours. If the pods are kept like that boiled in water for more than one day they will lose their therapeutic ability.
• Basil: These leaves will have the strong effect on the kidneys. For the kidney stones, one teaspoon of basil juice and honey has to be taken every day for about six months. This remedy will help in draining out the stones from the urinary tract.
• Celery: This vegetable is considered as an excellent food for the formation of stones in the kidneys and gall bladder. The regular intake of celery will aid in the formation of stones in the future.
• Apple: Apples are beneficial in treating kidney stones. In locations where the natural cider that is unsweetened is a beverage that is commonly taken, the kidney stone is absent practically. The fresh fruit that is ripened is also very important.
• Grapes: The grapes will have a unique diuretic ability as they consist of high content of potassium salt and water. The fruit is essential for the kidney problems as it has less albumin and sodium chloride. Grapes are very good for curing kidney stones.
• Pomegranate: The seeds of pomegranate are beneficial for treating the kidney stones. The seeds of pomegranate can be taken in one table spoon and grinded into a paste. This paste can be given to the person along with the soup made from horse gram. This will dissolve the stones in kidneys. The horse gram soup is prepared by using two tablespoons of horse gram.
• Watermelon: This fruit consists of high concentration of water compared to other fruits. This fruit is also rich in potassium salts. This fruit is considered as best diuretic that is useful in the case of kidney stones.
• Vitamin B6: The vitamin B6 or pyridoxine is medically beneficial for treating the kidney stones. The vitamin B6 which is at therapeutic dosage of 100mg to 150mg taken daily along with other B complex vitamins must be taken for few months to treat the kidney stones permanently.
• The beverage that is of Japanese origin called kinsenso and lisymachia tea that is available in the grocery stores of Japan will increase urination and aid in flushing out small stones in kidneys. Taking this tea for twice or once per day for about three months will benefit very much in treating the kidney stones.
• Eating heavy fiber content will help in reducing the risk for the formation of stones.
• The magnesium supplement that does not involve calcium is used which decreases the amount of calcium absorption by the digestive system. The magnesium also decreases the calcium concentration in the urine.
• To stop forming the stones freshly, large quantities of fat and alcohol consumption has to be restricted.
• The intake of high protein and crash diets has to be avoided. These diets are known to increase the urine acidity which might help in the formation of one type of stones.
• The vitamin C intake has to be done in the range of 2000 to 4000 milligrams per day for not more than two weeks. This has to be accompanied by intake of eight glasses of water per day. Continuous usage of vitamin C or usage of high doses of it or using vitamin C at the time of dehydration will contribute for the formation of stones.

Diet for the treatment of kidney stones

• Avoid certain foods: The foods that manage the urine acidity and urine alkaline nature and those that irritate the kidneys have to be avoided. The person also must take excess fluids so that the urine will not become concentrated. The diet that are observed as irritant to the kidneys are condiments and pickles, alcoholic beverages and certain vegetables such as spinach, cucumber, tomato, rhubarb and radish. Along with these vegetables onions, beans, asparagus, meat, gravies, cauliflower, cabbage and carbonated drinks have to be avoided.
• The phosphates and calcium intake must be restricted: The intake of phosphates and calcium has to be avoided to control the stones formation with calcium phosphates. The foods that have to be avoided for treating kidney stones are soya bean, spinach, chickpea, whole wheat flour, peas, turnips, cauliflower, carrots, coconuts and almonds.

If the kidney stones are composed of magnesium, calcium, carbonates and phosphates then the diet has to be taken in such a way that the urine is acidic. In the same way, urine can be made alkaline if the stones are made up of oxalate and uric acid.

• Low protein diet: The person has to take low protein diet that consists of around one gram per kilogram of food. The intake of fluid for about three liters or more than that in a day will help in avoiding the salt precipitation to form stones.
• Purine rich diets like anchovies, mackerel, shellfish, herring, sardines and yeast will lead to the kidney stone formation.